Background: The trace element copper has been identified as a highly toxic element for sperm. It is known to affect sperm motility in humans, and experimental implantation of copper in the epididymis, vas deferens, and scrotum of mammals has been demonstrated to affect fertility detrimentally.Objective: Sperm concentration, motility, vitality and morphology are parameters used to evaluate potential male fertility. Since, copper is believed to be important for spermatogenesis; we conducted a study to investigate the correlation between SEMINAL PLASMA copper concentration and human semen parameters in 232 males.Materials and Methods: We selected 232 subfertile or infertile men who referred to Omid Fertility Clinic, randomly. Samples were categorized into normospermic (n=32), oligozospermic (n=73), asthenozospermic (n=111) and azospermic (n=16) groups according to their spermiogrames. Total SEMINAL PLASMA copper concentration was determined by furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The results showed that SEMINAL PLASMA copper concentrations in oligozospermic, asthenozospermic and azospermic groups are significantly higher than normozospermic group (p<0.01). Also, negative correlations were found between SEMINAL PLASMA copper concentration and sperm count (p<0.05), sperm motility (p<0.01), sperm vitality (p<0.01), normal morphology (p<0.01) and pH (p<0.01) in all groups.Conclusion: It was suggested that excess copper in SEMINAL PLASMA was detrimental for male reproductive capacity by reducing sperm count, motility, vitality and morphology.

The aim of this study was to investigate the comparison between some SEMINAL PLASMA parameters and age of the bull. Concentrations of various biochemical parameters like fructose, glucose, total proteins, albumin and inorganic ions including Na, K and Cl ions of SEMINAL PLASMA of breeding Sahiwal bulls of different ageswere assessed. Methods: 40Sahiwal bullsdivided into 4 age groups. Semen (2ml pooled) from each bull was collected via artificial vagina. SEMINAL fructose was determined by Resorcinol method, while SEMINAL glucose, totalprotein and albumin were estimated by automated clinical chemistry analyzer and inorganic ions were determined by Medica Easylyte Na/K/Cl analyzer. Highest values of fructose, glucose, potassium and albumin were recorded in A Group bulls, On the other hand lowest values of fructose, glucose and potassium were recorded in D group, while albumin concentrations were similar in B and C groups bulls and lower in D group. Highest values of sodium and chloride were recorded in D group bulls, and lowest values of SEMINAL sodium and chloride were recorded in group A bulls. Total proteins concentrations were similar in bulls of four age groups. Concentrations of these parameters showed high variability with respect to age in Sahiwal bulls which tends to clarify the variation of these SEMINAL parameters with respect to age of bulls. This study suggested that SEMINAL PLASMA of semen should be evaluated for these SEMINAL parameters before the packing of semen for cryopreservation irrespective of the age and breed of the bull.